Improvement in magneto-electric machines



2 Sheets--Shee't 2. L. DBESGH ER.

Magneto-Electric. Machine. No. 168,560; w Patented 001.11.1375.

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, Witnesses lnventor,

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UNITED STATES PATENT ()FFI E.

LUIS DRESOHER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

IMPROVEMENT IN MAGNETO-ELECTRIC MACHINES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 168,560, dated October11, 1875 application filed October 13, 1874. i

To an whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, Lu s DRESOHER, M.

-D., of the city and State of New York, have .invented an ImprovedMagneto-Electric Machine, of which the following is a specification:This invention relates to improvements in that classof magneto-electricmachines which are constructed with a revolving helical armature; and itconsists, first, in so constructing the machine, as hereinafter fullydescribed, as that a new intermediate circuit may be formed at themoment the usual primary circuit is broken, the second new circuitauton'latically closing and leading off at the moment of its inductionthe secondary current generated in the helix by the reinduction of itscoils during the momentary interruption of the first circuit. ,.;:Bythis means two different electrical currents of different qualities andcharacteristics are derived at pleasure from one and the same helix inthe one machine, viz: the primary induced current, ordinarily obtainedfrom this class of machines, producing marked ,el'ectrolytical and mildphysiological effects;

and also a second induced current of great physiological intensity andpower, similar, in fact, to the extra current secured by the use of abattery-cell, in combination with an electro-magnet, and which, being acurrent of a higher order, produces severe physiological but noelectrolytical effect. It consists, second, in so arranging the cams orcommutators which open and close the circuits as to per mit a change intheir adjustment about the axis of the helix with which they are made torevolve, so as to alter at pleasure their rela tion to the poles andarmature of the permanent magnet, and thereby modify the intensity ofthe currents derived from the machine.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of myimproved magneto- -electric machine, with its case in section;

7 and 8, sectional views of the two commutator-cams enlarged, Figs. 9 to14, diagrams, illustrating in detail the operation of my machine.

A is a permanent horseshoe-magnet; D, an electromagnet which rotatesbetween the poles of the permanent magnet A; O O, metallic bars, securedmidway between the arms of the magnet, in a right line therewith, oneither side thereof, to support the electro-magnet and the gearing, bywhich it is made to revolve. g is a shaft revolved by a crank,j, andsupported at either end about midway the length of the magnet insuitable bearings formed in the bars 0 U. iis a large toothedwheelmeshing into a pinion, f, upon a lower shaft, 6, arranged torevolve in bearings in the bars 0 G, and which carries a groovedpulley-wheel, h. V

The electro-magnet D consists of a helix, 1", (see Fig. 4,) of tineinsulated copper wire, coiled around a bar, 19, of soft iron, which isconfined between two parallel soft-iron plates, n 0, arranged at rightangles thereto, and secured at either end to the perimeters of twocylindrical metallic heads, 8 s. m m are short journals securedcentrally to the outer face of each of the heads 8 s, to projecttherefrom in a right line coincident with its axis, and these journalsare supported in suitable bearings formed to receive them in the bars 0and C respectively, (see Fig. 4,) on either side of the permanent magnetA. The plates 1% 0, connected by the cross-bar p and supported betweenthe poles of the magnet A, constitute an armature for said magnet, andelectrical currents are induced in the coil 7',W12t1)1)bd about thecross-bar p, by the revolution of said armature. This revolution isproduced by means of a small pulley, b, formed or secured upon one ofthe journals m of the armature, an endless cord being carried aroundsaid pulley I) and the larger pulley 71,, as shown by dotted lines inFig. l, which in turn is made to revolve by means of the crank j, andthe toothed gearing meshing into the pinion f upon the shaftlot saidpulley h, as shown in Fig. 2. The opposite journal m of the revolvingelectro-magnet D is sufliciently extended to receive a sleeve, d, (seeFig. 4,) which encircles the same between the head 8 and the bearing-barC. To the inner end of this loose sleeve d is secured a segmental plate,t, (see Fig. 6,) of somewhat smaller radius than the head 8. Thesegmental plate 1, and the sleeve 01 to which it is secured thus admitof adjustment about the journal at with reference to the armature-platesn 0 of the poles of the electro-magnet 1), and, when adjusted, arefirmly secured by means of a setscrew, a, (see Figs. 45 and 6,) so as torevolve therewith. A segmental opening, .r, Figs. 4 and 6, is cut in theheads, through which one end of the wire-coil r is carried. Two metallicsegmental plates or cams, a w, are secured upon the sleeve (1, the one,to, directly in contact therewith and the other, u, insulated therefromby the interposition of any suitable non-conducting material, 2. (SeeFigs. 7 and 8.) These cams project radially from the sleeve (1 inparallel planes, but in opposite directions, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5.The are of the insulated cam 26 is made to describe a greater are thanthat of the cam 'LO attached to the shaft, so that if the are includedby the one be one hundred and fifty degrees, that of the other shall beabout one hundred and twentyfive degrees; these pIOPOItlOl'lS, however,being necessarily varied according as cams of greater or smaller radiusare used. The outer end of the wire helix 0' of the electro-magne-t D iscarried through the opening 00 in the heads and secured to the insulatedcam u, the inner end of the helix being secured to thejournal m withwhich the second cam 10 is in direct contact. G G are metallic springs,so secured to a block, E, of non-conducting material attached to thesupporting-bar 0 be low the bearing of the journal, as to projectupwardly on each side of said journal, and bear tangentially against thecams u w. 13, Figs. 1 and 2, is a wooden case in which the permanentmagnet A and its attachments, as

described, are inclosed and properly secured.

H H, Fig. 5, are metallic sockets, formed in the case B, to receive thedetachable electrodes of the apparatus, and which are connectedrespectively with the springs G G by means of elastic metallic strips HH, extending from each spring, so as to bear upon its appropriatesocket, as shown in Figs. 1 and 5. d is likewise a socket, formed in orsecured to the bar 0, which supports the journal at of the helix 1, sothat said bar serves as a conductor from said journal and the cam w,which is in contact therewith, to the socket d.

L, Figs. 1 and 5, is a switch-lever, connected by a fixedconducting-wire or metallic strip withv the electrode-socket H of one ofthe springs, and so pivoted as to admit of being thrown at pleasure intocontact with the electrode-socket H of the other spring.

My improved magneto-electric machine is operated by turning the crank jeither to the right or left, thus producing, by means of theintermediate gearing, a corresponding rapid revolution of theelectro-magnet D between the poles of the permanent magnet A. Thisrevolution of the electro-magnet D induces an electric current in itshelix 1*, whenever a circuit is closed between the ends of the coil, andby establishing an electrical conductor between the springs G G, theircontact with the cam a 20, during each semi-revolution of the helix,closes such a circuit, so that an electric current is thereby obtained.This electric current is not constant, owing to the interruption of thecircuit when the springs change cams at each semi-revolution, but, asthe springs bear against the cams during the greater part of eachrevolution, and the interruptions of the current are very brief, theelectric current thus obtained in a circuit closed by the two springs iswave-like in movement, having a maximum and minimum of intensity betweeneach interruption, and is distinguished by the gentle shocks giventhereby. This current, produced directly by means of the magnet A andits helix or revolving armature D as the gen crating-factors, is aprimary induced current, and its production is common to this class ofmagneto-electrical machines. Its quality and intensity may be varied byaltering the relative position of the cams, whose action interrupt thecurrent, with reference to the armature-plates n 0, whose action produceit, the required change of adjustment being made at pleasure, byloosening the set-screw a and turning the sector 23 about its axis.

The current is obtained for practical purposes by means ofelectrode-wires, inserted in the sockets H H, connected with the twosprings G G, but a circuit may also be closed for this current byturning the switch-lever L into contact with the socket H, as shown inFigs. 1 and 5 of the drawin At the moment the primary current isinterrupted by the shifting of the springs upon the cams, the helixitself becomes a rheometer, each spiral of the coil inducing, at themoment of interruption, a current in the adjacent spiral. The secondarycurrent, thus instantly induced in the helix by the interruption of theprimary current as its generatingfactor, is but ofmomentary duration,and, when'passed through suitable conductors, is distinguished by itshigh velocity and conse quent intensity, giving severe shocks andproducing marked physiological, but no electrolytical effects, beingsimilar in all particulars to the extra current obtained by thecombination of a battery-cell with an electromagnet.

By means of the different proportions of the segmental commutator-cams uw, the tangential arrangement of their springs, and the combination of asecond closed circuit with the closed circuit of the primary current, Iam enabled with my machine to obtain this secondary current as readilyas the primary current, and to furnish the one or the other, or the twotogether, without change of helix, or the removal or modification of anypart of the machine.

The production of the two electric currents, during each revolution ofthe helix, is fully illustrated by the diagrams, Figs. 9 to 14, whereinthe shaded cam represents that in direct contact with the journal m, andthe white cam represents that which is insulated therefrom. G Grepresent the springs;. G, the journal-bar forming a conductor from theshaded cam to the socket d l the closed circuit from one spring to theother, and 2 the closed circuit from the one spring G to the shaded cam,independent of the second spring. The dotted arrows indicate thedirection in which the helix is supposed to be revolving, and the solidarrows the course of the electrical currents.

In the position of the cams, illustrated in Figs. 9 and 12, the twosprings bear simultaneously upon both cams, so that the circuit isclosed for the primary current directly through the cams and springs andtheir electrodes. The instant, however, that the circuit for the primarycurrent is broken by the withdrawal of the shaded cam from itsspring-which, because of the dilference in their proportions, must, inall cases, occur before the contact of the opposite insulated cam isbrokenthe secondary circuit closed through the journal m and bar 0, andthe spring, which is still in contact with the insulated cam, conductsaway the secondary current at that moment generated. (See Figs. 10 and13.)

I claim as my invention- 1. Segmental commutator-cams u to, embracingarcs of difierent degrees, combined with the helix 1', tangentialinsulated springs G G, and electrical conductor 0' d, of amagneto-electric machine, substantially as and for the purpose hereinset forth.

2. In a magneto-electric machine, constructed substantially as hereindescribed, wherein a primary circuit may be established at will betweenthe opposite poles of the helix, through the commutator-cams, theirsprings, anda conducting-medium between the springs, the combination ofelectrodes, the one connected directly with one of the camsindependently of the springs,- and the other with any given point of theaforesaid primary circuit, whereby a second circuit may be established,which shall be automatically closed at each semi-revolution of thehelix, at the moment the primary circuit is opened, all substantially asand for the purpose herein set forth.

3. In a magneto-electric machine, constructed with a revolving helix,the combination of the commutator-cams which open and closeautomatically the circuit induced in the coil, with a collar encirclingthe shaft or arbor of the helix, substantially as and for the purposeherein set forth.

4.. A magneto-electric machine, constructed substantially as hereindescribed, to deliver both primary and secondary electric currents fromthe same helix, in manner as herein set forth.

LUIS DRESGHER.

Witnesses:

H. L. WATTENBERG, G. M. PLYMP'roN.

